On Teaching Primary Calculus

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What is Primary Calculus?

Why Primary Calculus?

Design Research

1. Preliminary phase
   • Staring points (see also Prior Knowledge): what do 5th graders already know about change?
   • Learning goals of primary calculus
   • Literature review
   • Initial local instruction theory (see also Local Instruction Theory) describing how to get to the learning goals from the starting points. This initial conjectured local instruction theory is based on the literature review and other sources.
2. Phase of iterative refinement of:
   • Instructional sequence (based on the local instruction theory)
   • Experiment in the classroom
   • Evaluation and analysis of experiment
   • Refinement of the local instruction theory
3. Reflective analysis phase, finalizing:
   • Instructional sequence
   • Local instructional theory

Prior Knowledge

First Iteration

Second Iteration

Local Instruction Theory

Instructional Sequence